Ascending melodic minor: natural minor with both the 6th and 7th raised. Smooths out the augmented second of harmonic minor while preserving the strong leading tone.
The basic minor cadence. In harmonic minor the V becomes a major chord, creating a strong pull back to the tonic.
Step-wise ascending progression heard throughout rock and metal.
The Andalusian cadence — a descending tetrachord foundational in flamenco and Western classical music.
The minor ii–V–i. The ii is half-diminished; in harmonic minor the V becomes a dominant 7, the classic minor-key turnaround.